Simulation Improves Emergency Medicine Residents' Clinical Performance of Aorta Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

Purpose: Using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to diagnose abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an essential skill in emergency medicine (EM). While simulation-based POCUS education is commonly used, the translation to performance in the emergency department (ED) is unknown. We investigated whether adding case-based simulation to an EM residency curriculum was associated with changes in the quantity and quality of aorta POCUS performed by residents in the ED. Methods: A case-based simulation was introduced to resident didactics at our academic, Level I trauma center. A case of undifferentiated abdominal pain was presented, which required examination of an ultrasound phantom to diagnose an AAA, with a hands-on didactic. We compared the quantity, quality, and descriptive analyses of aorta POCUS performed in the ED during the four months before and after the simulation. Results: For participating residents (17/32), there was an 86% increase in total studies and an 80% increase in clinical studies. On an opportunity-adjusted, per-resident basis, there was no significant difference in median total scans per 100 shifts (4.4 [interquartile range (IQR) 0-15.8 vs 8.3 [IQR] 3.3-23.6, P = 0.21) or average total quality scores (3.2 ± 0.6 vs 3.2 ± 0.5, P = 0.92). The total number of limited or inadequate studies decreased (43% vs 19%, P = 0.02), and the proportion of scans submitted by interns increased (7% vs 54%, P = < .001). Conclusion: After simulation training, aorta POCUS was performed more frequently, and ED interns contributed a higher proportion of scans. While there was no improvement in quantity or quality scores on a per-resident basis, there were significantly fewer incomplete or limited scans.

Clinical Ultrasound Training in Emergency Medicine Advanced Practice Provider Residencies.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical ultrasound training is essential to any emergency medicine (EM) clinician's skill set. We aim to understand the current training patterns of clinical ultrasound training within Advanced Practice Provider (APP) residencies. METHODS: In a survey sent electronically to 17 active EM APP residencies, data were obtained from 21 responses to questions about structure of ultrasound faculty, quality assessment, feedback, and competency evaluation. RESULTS: We had a response rate of 88%. Of programs surveyed, 93% were associated with EM physician residencies with 87% led by an ultrasound fellowship-trained EM physician. Ninety-three percent of programs required proctored scanning. Sixty percent of programs do not have any required number of scans to graduate. CONCLUSION: We found that most EM APP residencies share clinical ultrasound faculty, structures, and processes with associated EM physician residencies. We believe that quality training within clinical ultrasound is attainable; however, proficiency guidelines across EM APP residency programs are lacking.

Exploring a Cadaver-Based Model for Teaching Emergency Medicine Residents Ultrasound-Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Blocks.

Background Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (USGRA) is increasingly being incorporated into ED clinical practice to provide pain control for a variety of traumatic injuries. The serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) has been shown to be effective at reducing intravenous opioid use and improving pulmonary function for patients with rib fractures, but there is limited prior research about how to safely teach this procedure to emergency medicine (EM) residents. Our goal was to examine the effect of a cadaver-based education model on EM residents' confidence in performing USGRA and provide a review of commonly encountered errors. Methods EM residents participated in a half-day cadaver-based education session that included a variety of less-commonly performed procedures including SAPB and fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) USGRA. Residents received a didactic lecture and hands-on simulation practice during the month prior to the session. During the session, residents performed a SAPB and FICB on the cadaver patient using the same nerve block kit and ultrasound machine they would use for a living patient, with 1:1 supervision by an emergency ultrasound fellowship-trained physician who provided real-time feedback during the procedure. Representative ultrasound video clips were saved and reviewed. Surveys that were completed by residents after the session were analyzed. Results There were 23 residents who participated, and most had not performed any FICB (74%) or SAPB (87%) previously. The percentage of residents comfortable with general USGRA increased from 8.7% to 91.3% (p<0.001). Comfort with FICB increased from 9.1% to 77.3% (p<0.001), and comfort with SAPB increased from 9.1% to 77.3% (p<0.001). Instructors identified and corrected several common errors, such as overly aggressive needle insertion, instillation of air, and instillation of anesthetic into muscle rather than the fascial plane. Conclusion We found that a cadaver-based education model for teaching EM residents the SAPB and the FICB was associated with significant increases in resident confidence in performing the procedure and facilitated identification and correction of common procedural errors that may otherwise have gone undetected.

Pediatric Residents' Perceptions of a Point-of-Care Ultrasound Collaboration With Emergency Medicine.

Background Pediatric residencies expanding their point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) education face barriers, including a lack of established curriculum and qualified educators. Prior studies report partnerships between pediatrics and pediatric emergency medicine (PEM); however, many non-PEM emergency medicine (EM) physicians with POCUS fellowship training also have experience with pediatric POCUS and represent an alternate educational partner. Objectives To improve pediatric residents' POCUS skills through collaborative education with EM and evaluate perceptions of the teaching format and instructors. Methods First through third-year pediatric residents attended a half-day didactic and hands-on session about renal, lung, and musculoskeletal (MSK) POCUS. These educational sessions were led by EM faculty with POCUS fellowship training and assisted by EM residents. Post-session surveys were administered to pediatric residents to assess prior POCUS experience, changes in confidence in acquiring and interpreting renal, lung, and MSK POCUS images, and opinions about the educational format. Statistical analyses of the post-session survey data were performed using SPSS. Results Thirty-nine pediatric residents attended the session and completed the survey of 45 total residents in the program (86.7%), with 89.7% completing 10 or fewer POCUS studies. Residents' comfort level with performing lung POCUS increased from 5.1% to 82.1% (p < .001), renal POCUS from 10.3% to 76.9% (p < .001), and MSK POCUS from 7.7% to 84.6% (p < .001). 87.2% rated the educational format as effective, and 94.9% (37/39) rated emergency medicine faculty as 'very effective' in providing ultrasound education relevant to the practice of pediatrics. Conclusion Pediatric resident POCUS education taught by EM faculty with POCUS fellowship training was well-received by pediatric residents and significantly improved confidence in acquiring and interpreting POCUS.

Acute Pelvic Pain.

Acute pelvic pain has gynecologic and nongynecologic causes, and distinguishing between them can be difficult in the emergency department. Ovarian cysts, adnexal torsion, and pelvic inflammatory disease are conditions that emergency physicians must be able to identify. Pelvic pathologic condition can be readily assessed with ultrasound but has significant limitations. Adnexal torsion can occur despite normal vasculature on ultrasound with Doppler; patients with significant pain or risk factors may require exploratory laparotomy. Emergency physicians and clinicians must be prepared to manage all aspects of pelvic emergencies, both gynecologic and nongynecologic.